Trainer position
Stand on the client's left (the side shown in the 3D) with your feet apart front to back, at a height that suits the table. Move by shifting your body weight rather than holding with the arms alone.
Contact and support
Support the forearm (near the wrist) and the upper arm (near the elbow) with the palms.
Hand placement in 3D: forearm (near the wrist), upper arm (near the elbow)
Stabilisation
Keep the elbow at about 90 degrees.
Compensation
Shrugging of the shoulder, arching of the rib cage, trunk rotation, change in elbow angle.
Easier option
Reduce the range and let the weight of the leg or arm rest on a cushion or the table. Go back to checking a pain-free starting position.
Cues and consent
Tell the client where you will touch and which way you will move, and say, 'Tell me straight away if you feel any pain or discomfort.' Confirm consent before touching and before moving.
Stop criteria
Return to the starting position immediately if the client reports sharp pain, numbness, weakness, a pinching feeling in the joint, dizziness, shortness of breath or anxiety, or asks to stop.